What is ASP.NET?
ASP.NET is an open-source web framework for building web apps on the .NET (dotNET) framework. It is created by Microsoft and version 1.0 was released in 2002 to allow developers to build dynamic web apps, services, and sites. The framework is built to work with the standard HTTP protocol, which is the standard protocol used across all web applications.
ASP.NET is the successor to the ASP (Active Server Pages) technology and was a significant upgrade in terms of flexibility and power. It is an extension of the .NET platform with additional tools and libraries specifically for building things on the web, including web apps and websites.
The latest version of ASP.NET is the cross-platform version that was initially called ASP.NET Core, which was released in 2016. In November 2020, Microsoft simplified the name and removed "Core" from the name. This means that new releases will simply be called .NET followed by a version number. A new version is released in November every year, meaning that .NET 5 was released in 2020, .NET 6 in 2021, and so forth.
ASP.NET is still supported and updated, but moving forward the focus for Microsoft is to develop the new cross-platform version.
How does the ASP.NET Architecture work?
The architecture of the ASP .NET framework consists of a set of key components that are used in development.
1. Language
The programming language used for the ASP.NET framework is VB.NET (Visual Basic) or C#. Umbraco CMS is written in C#.
2. Library
The ASP.NET includes the base libraries from the .NET framework but also includes libraries for common web patterns. One such library is Model View Controller (MVC), which enables you to use the MVC design pattern for designing web apps and sites. The MVC pattern lets you build a web application as a composition of three roles - a business layer, a display layer, and input control.
3. Common Language Runtime
The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the platform where your .NET programs are executed. It is used for performing key activities such as activating objects, performing security checks, laying them out in memory, executing and handling garbage collection.
On top of the three key components in the framework, it also extends .NET with other tools to make life easier for a web developer. One of these is the templating syntax used for websites called Razor. This templating syntax is heavily used in building dynamic web pages in C# and enables working with master pages and templates to create web pages with dynamic values and content.
When working with the .NET it is possible to use Microsoft Visual Studio as an integrated development environment (IDE). Visual Studio is an IDE by Microsoft used to develop web applications and consists of a source code editor, debugger, compiler, and designer, which are all accessed through one single interface.
What is the future of ASP.NET (.NET Core)?
In 2016 the latest version of ASP.NET was released - ASP.NET Core, which is meant to replace ASP.NET. The main difference is that ASP.NET Core is cross-platform which means it can run on macOS, Linux, and Docker as well as of course Windows.
While ASP.NET is still supported and updated by Microsoft, most of their focus going forward will be to develop the new .NET Core platform.
Besides being cross-platform, the new framework has taken ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Web API, and ASP.NET Web Pages and merged them into a unified MVC 6. This gives developers higher performance and more flexibility, while still getting a stable platform that keeps their apps and websites running smoothly.
Umbraco uses the ASP.NET Core Framework
Umbraco is built on the .NET Framework using ASP.NET Core and is primarily written in C#. Data is stored in a relational database (usually a Microsoft SQL server) and it works on Microsoft IIS (Internet Information Server).
Umbraco is a fully-fledged .NET (ASP.NET Core) CMS. It’s the fruition of many years of hard work by Umbraco HQ and the Umbraco community. With the release of Umbraco 9, in September 2021, the CMS has been updated to run ASP.NET Core. This has ensured that Umbraco can stay on top of all new features and improvements that will come for .NET in the future.
Umbraco 9 provides a solid foundation for a thriving open-source CMS, based on relevant technology, flexible development, and a great editing experience. Get all the details on Umbraco 9 from our release post.
At Umbraco we have 2 major releases every year, and will upgrade to the newest version of the .NET Framework once a year so Umbraco stays on the latest version.
You can always find the latest requirements for Umbraco CMS in our documentation.
If you are looking to get started with Umbraco CMS we recommend you look through our guide on getting started.